广州医科大学学报

目的：探讨儿童口腔门诊就诊患儿疾病谱的特点及其变化趋势以了解儿童口腔疾病的主要构成及其发展动态，为制定科学的防治策略提供依据。方法：选取2018年1月至2022年12月就诊于广州医科大学附属口腔医院儿童口腔科的患儿为研究对象进行横断面调查，分析疾病谱中排名前十位的病种。结果：共纳入有效信息282 412条，患者总数为71 691人。排名前十的病种中，龋病就诊构成比最高（34.45%），且随就诊年份呈增加趋势。其次为根尖周炎（13.21%），表现出低龄化趋势。错■畸形构成比则随就诊年份及年龄显著增加。结论：龋病是儿童口腔门诊最常见疾病，错■畸形就诊率增长尤为显著。需加强儿童龋病防治并重视错■畸形诊疗，以全面保障儿童口腔健康。

Objective:To study the characteristics and trends of the disease spectrum among pediatric dental outpatients,aiming to comprehensively understand the main composition and development of pediatric oral diseases and provide a scientific basis for formulating effective prevention and treatment strategies.Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted on pediatric patients treated at the Department of Pediatric Dentistry,Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University(Guangzhou,China) between January 2018 and December 2022,with analysis focusing on the top ten most prevalent disease entities in the clinical spectrum.Results:A total of 282 412valid data were included,involving 71 691 patients. Dental caries accounted for the highest proportion(34.45%)among patients and showed an increasing trend over the years. Periapical periodontitis ranked second with a proportion of13.21%,indicating a tendency towards younger age groups. The proportion of visits for malocclusion showed a significant upward trend over the years and with age.Conclusion:Dental caries remains the most prevalent condition in pediatric dental clinics,while malocclusion demonstrates a particularly marked surge in clinical visits. It is imperative to enhance caries-preventive strategies and prioritize evidence-based clinical management of malocclusion to ensure comprehensive oral health maintenance in the pediatric population.